由于钢板弹簧存在着接触非线性和几何非线性等多种非线性因素，因而增加了其模型建立和性能分析的难度。本文从非线性接触动力学理论和CAD/CAE技术出发，提出了一种可以在一定程度上解决这类问题的方法。
      首先根据非线性接触动力学理论，分析了钢板弹簧片间接触和摩擦情况，提出了基于片间接触分析的钢板弹簧建模方法，将有限元法和多体动力学法相结合，并引入小种群遗传算法对钢板弹簧片间接触和摩擦参数进行反求，并建立了某重型卡车的钢板弹簧多体动力学模型。
    然后对建立的钢板弹簧模型进行刚度特性仿真分析，并根据汽车钢板弹簧台架试验方法中的要求，对某重型卡车平衡悬架的钢板弹簧进行了刚度特性试验，确定其刚度值，将试验结果与动力学仿真结果进行对比分析，结果显示，在加载过程中试验曲线与仿真曲线基本吻合，且仿真结果与试验结果的相对误差仅为0.79%，证明了该钢板弹簧动力学模型的正确性。将本文模型与离散梁单元的钢板弹簧模型进行了对比，结果显示本文模型具有更高的精度。
    最后，将所建立的钢板弹簧动力学模型应用于简化的某重型卡车整车模型，建立简化的某重型卡车的多体动力学刚柔祸合模型。对该整车多体动力学刚柔祸合模型进行脉冲平顺性和静侧翻稳定性仿真分析，并进行整车脉冲平顺性和静侧翻稳定性试验，以获取实际工况的试验数据和曲线。实车试验结果与仿真结果对比可知仿真曲线与试验曲线的基本吻合，且脉冲平顺性分析的相对误差最大为9.97%，静侧翻稳定性分析的相对误差最大为4.75%。

      The non-linear factors, such as contact nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity,existing in leaf springs multiply difficulties in its model establish and performance analysis.  Based  on  nonlinearity contact  dynamics  theories  and  CAD/CAE technologies, this paper proposes a method for this kind of problem.
    Firstly, according to the nonlinearity contact dynamics theory, this paper analyzed the contact and friction between spring-leaves and proposed a modeling method based on the contact analysis between spring- leaves. Combined the finitee lement method with the multi-body dynamics, the contact andfrictionparameters were  obtained  by  introducing  the  small-population  genetic  algorithm.  Then established a leaf spring's multi-body dynamics model for a heavy truck.
    Secondly, the stiffness characteristic simulation analysis was implemented to theleaf spring. According to the conditions in staging testing for vehicle's leaf spring,the stiffness value was obtained after a stiffness characteristic test for a heavy truck'sbalanced suspension. The feasibility and the credibility of this model are proved, bycomparing the testing results and the simulation results of the case, which showed that the testing curve accords with simulation curve basically and its relatively erroris 0.79%. When compared to discrete beam element model, the model presented in this paper proved to have a better accuracy.
    Thirdly, a simplified rigid-flexible multi-body dynamics model for a heavy truck was set up, in which the leaf springs were modeled by flexible bodies. The model's ride performance under pulse input and static roll stability were simulated. Then the same items were tested in a road testing for the data and curves in real working condition. Comparison between simulation results and testing results indicated that the results were valid, because the testing curve accorded with simulation curve basically. Besides, the maximum relatively error in ride performance under pulse
input analysis was 9.79% and the maximum relatively error in static roll stability analysis was 4.75%. Therefore, it is proved that the modeling method presented in this paper is accurate and effective.

 

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